How to Identify the Composition of Textile Fabrics?

Regardless of whether you are in the fabric or clothing industry, the identification of fabrics is an essential "homework". The identification of textile fabrics can mainly start from three latitudes, the composition of textile fabrics, the front and back sides of textile fabrics and the warp and weft directions, and the appearance quality of textile fabrics. Today we will first learn how to identify the composition of textile fabrics.

Identification of textile fabric components

1. Sensory identification method

a. Main methods

Visual inspection: Use the visual effects of the eyes to observe the luster, dyeing, roughness of the surface, and the appearance characteristics of the tissue, texture, and fibers of the fabric.

Hand touch: Use the tactile effect of hands to feel the softness, smoothness, roughness, fineness, elasticity, warmth and coldness of the fabric. You can also feel the strength and elasticity of the fibers and yarns in the fabric with your hands.

Hearing and smelling: Hearing and smell are helpful in judging the raw materials of certain fabrics. For example, silk has a unique silky sound; different fiber fabrics have different tearing sounds; acrylic and wool fiber fabrics have different smells, etc.

b. Four steps

The first step is to initially distinguish the major categories of fibers or fabrics.

The second step is to further determine the type of raw materials based on the sensory characteristics of the fibers in the fabric.

The third step is to make a final judgment based on the sensory characteristics of the fabric.

The fourth step is to verify the judgment results. If you are not sure about your judgment, you can use other methods to verify it. If the judgment is wrong, sensory identification can be performed again or combined with other methods for identification.

2. Combustion identification method

Combustion characteristics of common textile fibers

Cotton fiber burns when it encounters fire. It burns quickly and produces a yellow flame with an odor. There is a slight gray-white smoke. It can continue to burn after leaving the fire. After the flame is blown out, there are still sparks that continue to burn, but the duration is not long; after burning it can maintain its original velvet shape and easily breaks into loose ash when touched. The ash is gray and soft powder, and the burnt part of the fiber is black.

Hemp fiber burns very quickly, softens, does not melt, does not shrink, produces yellow or blue flames, and has the smell of burning grass; it continues to burn rapidly after leaving the flame; there is little ash, and it is light gray or white grass ash.

Wool does not burn immediately when exposed to flame. It curls up first, then smokes, and then the fiber starts to burn. The flame is orange-yellow, and the burning speed is slower than cotton fiber. It stops burning immediately after leaving the flame, and is not easy to continue burning. It smells of burning hair and feathers. The ash cannot keep the original fiber shape, but is in the form of amorphous or spherical shiny dark brown brittle pieces, which can be crushed when pressed with your fingers. There is a large amount of ash and a burning smell.

Silk burns relatively slowly, melts and curls, shrinks into a ball when burned, and has the smell of burning hair; it has a slight flash when leaving the flame, burns slowly, and sometimes self-extinguishes; ash is a dark brown crispy ball, which can be touched with your fingers Crush to pieces.

The burning behavior of viscose fiber is basically similar to that of cotton, but viscose fiber burns slightly faster than cotton fiber and produces less ash. Sometimes it is not easy to maintain its original shape. Viscose fiber will make a slight hissing sound when burning.

Acetate fiber burns quickly, has sparks, melts and burns at the same time, and has a pungent smell of acetic acid when burning; when leaving the flame, it melts and burns at the same time; the ash is black and shiny irregular lumps, which can be pressed with fingers broken.

Copper ammonia fiber burns very quickly, does not melt, does not shrink, and has the smell of burning paper; it continues to burn rapidly after leaving the flame; it has less ash and is light gray or off-white.

Nylon, when it is close to the flame, causes the fiber to shrink. After contacting the flame, the fiber shrinks rapidly and melts into a transparent gel with small bubbles.

Acrylic fiber melts and burns at the same time, and the burning speed is fast; the flame is white, bright and powerful, sometimes with a slight black smoke; it has a fishy or spicy smell similar to coal tar; it continues to burn after leaving the flame, but the burning speed is slow; ashes They are dark brown irregular brittle balls that are easy to crush with your fingers.

Spandex first expands into a round shape when approaching the flame, and then shrinks and melts; it melts and burns in the flame, the burning speed is relatively slow, and the flame is yellow or blue; it melts and burns when leaving the flame, and slowly self-extinguishes; there is a special pungent smell when burning; ash is a white sticky mass.

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